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:''"NFIP" redirects here. For National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, see March of Dimes.'' The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a program created by the Congress of the United States in 1968 through the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (P.L. 90-448). The program enables property owners in participating communities to purchase insurance protection from the government against losses from flooding. This insurance is designed to provide an insurance alternative to disaster assistance to meet the escalating costs of repairing damage to buildings and their contents caused by floods. As of April 2010, the program insured about 5.5 million homes, the majority of which were in Texas and Florida.〔Holladay JS, Schwartz JA. (2010). (Flooding the Market: The Distributional Consequences of the NFIP ). Institute for Policy Integrity.〕 == Implementation == Participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between local communities and the federal government that states that if a community will adopt and enforce a floodplain management ordinance to reduce future flood risks to new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA), the federal government will make flood insurance available within the community as a financial protection against flood losses. The SFHAs and other risk premium zones applicable to each participating community are depicted on Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs). The Mitigation Division within the Federal Emergency Management Agency manages the NFIP and oversees the floodplain management and mapping components of the Program. The intent was to reduce future flood damage through community floodplain management ordinances and provide protection for property owners against potential losses through an insurance mechanism that requires a premium to be paid for the protection. The NFIP is meant to be self-supporting, though in 2003 the GAO found that repetitive-loss properties cost the taxpayer about $200 million annually.〔U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2003). (Challenges Facing the National Flood Insurance Program )〕 Congress originally intended that operating expenses and flood insurance claims be paid for through the premiums collected for flood insurance policies.〔Wright, James M., The Nation's Response to Flood Disasters: A Historical Account. 1 Apr 2000.〕 NFIP borrows from the U.S. Treasury for times when losses are heavy, and these loans are paid back with interest. Since 1978, the National Flood Insurance Program has paid more than $38 billion in claims (as of March 31, 2011). More than 40 percent of that money has gone to residents of Louisiana.〔Hurricane-battered states lead in payouts from National Flood Insurance Program http://www.insurancequotes.com/flood-insurance-payouts/〕 The Biggert–Waters Act of 2012 mandated that the NFIP charge actuarial rates, resulting in a large rate increase for consumers. As of November 2013, legislation is pending in both the House and Senate that would delay implementation of these rate increases for four years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Flood Insurance Program」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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